Thomas Struth's Museum Photographs

This chapter focuses on Thomas Struth's 3 bodies of work entitled: Museum Photographs, Pergamon Museum I-VI and Audience. All three series is being photographed in museums or churches, to visually put these images into words would be to say Struth is engaging the idea of physical permeability of the picture plane. A collapse of space connects two separate worlds by means of the photograph. Each painting hung in these museums live in their own reality on a wall in a museum or church, yet, the photograph holds a moment in time when these figures were part of this, however this world depicted in the photograph is not our reality it only lives in the picture plane. 

Kunsthistorisches Museum 3, Vienna

Map 1

For example one of Struth's pictures Kunsthistorisches Museum 3, Vienna (refer to image) shows a man who is looking at paintings of a married couple looking towards each other despite the frames that contain them. He is a older man with white hair and a blue sweater, grasping his hands behind his back while studying the paintings.  Looking at this image you begin to be aware of this "imaginary moment" (refer to map 1). The woman in the painting looks as if she is staring right at the old man but if this photograph was taken at any other angle would the same effect happen? By assuming that the white haired man is not part of the conversation we realize that the collapse of space or the intersection of these two worlds connect painting and photography and creates a world we cannot identify with but resemble ours extremely closely. (refer to Art Institute of Chicago 2)

The Art Institute of Chicago 2

Map 2

Lee Friedlander "At Work"

 Boston, Massachusetts, 1986

The second major intension of Struth's Museum Photographs was to catch a beholder transfixed and completely absorbed (and unaware of being beheld) to represent "a world of their own, a world in that respect-so to speak metaphorically-distinct and apart from that of the beholder" (Fried, 127). (refer to map 2) While most of his museum photographs fit this description, there are few that do not. Including, Rijksmuseum I, Amsterdam, 1990 where a young woman is sitting on a bench placed in front a painting, she sits towards the camera starring at us. Not absorbed and ultimately not as interesting as Struth's other work. Fried then asks the question of Lee Friedlander's series called "At Work" if they are truthful or just faking it for the camera? Significantly, no one has ever suggested that his subject weren't truthful (refer to image Boston, Massachusetts, 1986).

Pergamon Museum I

Map 3

I would like to agree with what Fried has said about Thomas Struth in regards to Riksmuseum I, because by making contact with the beholder we lose sense of a 3 dimension and all of a sudden it becomes too obvious. Struth as well realizes that he needs figures to respond to other figures not towards the camera. In his body called Pergamon I-VI, Struth actually went to the length of setting up a shot. (refer to Pergamon Museum I) In this image you see the artifacts that let you know that these are constructed and posed, which I find to be almost seamless except for the mistakes Fried points out (refer to map 3) what I understand is that the exposure was about 15 seconds so in order to get the shot he needed to have the people set up. But then how do we know that this wasn't what he was trying to convey, just this time his figures were deliberately performing absorption. There is a quote the Fried goes back to often, "There is an ineffable but fatal difference in attitude between people behaving naturally and people behaving naturally for a camera" (Fried, 137). To me that really sums up what you see, without knowing your are being photographed you allow a part of yourself to be captured that you weren't even aware you possessed but to know you will be photographed one usually gives away a part of themselves that they know well. 

Audience 7

Audience 2

His earlier Museum Photographs differ quite a bit from the Audience series, just purely because of his presence as a photographer. Meaning to say that Struth quite literally stands in front of statues, paintings or in the midst of painted ceilings with bright lights and a big camera, attracting attention. This body feels a lot different then the earlier bodies, without a reference of what they are looking at except for small detail like the reflection in a pair of sunglasses (refer to Audience 7). These images feel more intimate then Museum Photographs or Pergamon Museum for the fact of our distance from the subject. (refer to Audience 2) I haven't had the pleasure of seeing this work before so I was please to see something new. 

What is Contemporary Art?

Contemporary Art and Contemporaneity by Terry Smith is a discussion of what "contemporary" really means? She throws around different terms to categorize what contemporary means in reference to the term modern. Smith goes as far as to say that contemporary art is but a compound of modernism; both stem from the same "recursive character." This idea that both words (genre's of art) come from the each other, means one will always decide that the other is to be questioned.

Smith goes to say, "that which emerges from within the conditions of contemporaneity, including the remnants of the cultures of modernity and post modernity; but which projects itself through and around these, as an art of that which actually is in the world, of what it is to be in the world, and of that which is to come." I understood that to mean that the contemporary artists is a re-inventor of a sort pulling specific ideas from modernity and creating something that is part of the world now but still includes hints of something that once was. It is an extension of modernity a revision of it, thus it is called "contemporary."

I was looking up definitions and I thought it went along well with how Terry Smith described contemporaneity, for the simple fact that modern is thought to be a synonym; interesting that even the dictionary knows that these two words come from each other. 

Later in the article Smith says that the role of a critic is to keep advancing and interpret art "of current, recent, and past art in order to keep it in contemporary play." If you think about the role of the critic, they are trained to look at works of art and understand the style, the purpose, the process and make a relevant understanding by today's standards, not only historical standards.

 The idea of "nowness" also comes into play, but what is now? "There are three times: a present of things past, a present of things present; and a present of future things," a formulation made by St. Augustine. I see this as a way of understanding the now, we can either see things from our point of view from the present-of the past-and of the future, there is no understanding "now" from any other point of view then the present, for we can not understand our past self as we do our present. Smith talks about this idea of the contemporaneity as this immediacy, prioritizing THIS moment in time, THIS instant of life. From my understanding contemporary artists understand the meaning of modern art and the history that goes with it, but to be a creator of the present means to embark on how one feels in the present, because there is no other way to feel except for what your feeling now (although you remember how you felt at one point, it can never be translated into the present as effectively as it would if it were your present).

I am thinking of one artist that revolves around the present, her state of mind, her feelings about life RIGHT now, it is moving because it is in the present, it isn't something that has already happened-it is ongoing. This is Lisa Lindvay.

The Sound of LIght: Reflections on Art HIstory in the Visual Culture of Hip-Hop

This essay by Krista Thompson contextualizes the hip-hop culture and its reference to art history, specifically talking about two artist Luis Gispert and Kehinde Wiley. A couple of key things I took away from this was:

• Material Consumption

• "Bling"

• Surfacisim, the power of surface light

Malick Sidibe- Pho to graphs

Malick Sidibe's was a photographer in the sixties and seventies focused on the youth of Bamako, when they gained independence there was an "open door for a Pan-African and diasporic aesthetics through rock and roll." Sidibe was considered to be the James Brown of Photography. After Bamako gained independence the national culture had been nearly destroyed by Colonialism. In this essay by Manthia Diawara she notes several different theologist specifically Aime Cesaire and Frantz Fanon. Cesaire refers independence as an "authentic state of being," meaning to say that having been governed over for countless years the Bamako people were denied the chance to interpret themselves and create an identity.

Having such a big influence in the sixties, James Brown started a cultural upheaval of the youth and further influenced the style, music and ideals of becoming Nommo themselves. The Nommo are twin offsprings of the Almighty God and posses both male and female organs thus relying on no one to reproduce; being both used as a singular and plural the Nommo is believed to be part god and part human, part fluid and part solid, part water and part snake. This idea of being perfect transformed the youth of Bamako to see Nommo-like qualities in James Brown, using his voice and power to understand the language of the instrument and the freedom of movement.

Malick Sidibe references this type of movement in his photographs, this new body language of the sixties. What Diawara says is the most important thing about Sidibe's art is "its ability to transform the copy into an original and to turn the images of the youth of Bamako into masterpieces of the Sixties' look." I would be so blunt to say Sidibe's greatest achievement with these photographs is his understanding of change and the ways in which independence changed his way of working, his outlook on culture and an understanding of their actions not devoid of politics but a tribute to what Manthia Diawara calls the diasporia aesthetics.

Gender Trouble

SEX & GENDER AS TWO DIFFERENT THINGS

SEX: BIOLOGICAL FACILITY
GENDER: SOME PEOPLE ARE WOMEN, SOME PEOPLE ARE MEN

Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory by Judith Butler introduces us to the relationship between sex and gender. To say that sex is a fact, biologically is the complete truth. I can be a woman with all the attributing qualities, there is no argument that I could be a man with them though. Yet, to say that gender is a performance is questing the very movement of life. If we all only retain a gender by construction, then does that mean we are all the same at one point, if we are just constructions of various sources of media and historical referencing?

Butler also references the claim that women are a "historical situation," meaning that woman have come to be portrayed as we are by history itself. Women are seen as gentle, soft skinned, dainty, beautiful and many other things to add but this is all a response to what we have grown up learning from one another and through art and the media. Especially for the age I have grown up in, art and media have always played a big role in my personal development, for example when I was a kid I always wanted to have shiny beautiful soft hair because of the models in magazines that looked like the ideals of beauty I dreamed of being one day.

We are performing our own visions of gender, we as people have no inherient feminity or masculinity says Jennifer Blessing author of Rrose is a Rrose is a Rrose: Gender Performance in Photography. However, Judith Butler talks about the unstable nature of gender which I relate to this idea Blessing had that we don't really know where we get these ideas of what a woman is but we always refer back to it, hense it seeming "unstable." To me, gender lies in the roots of unstability, meaning we reference the social norms to construct ourselves as a woman or man following a system of evolution. Because we are ever changing, we consider this life as a woman/man as our stage to show the world who we are, it is a performance of these everyday decisions.

Everyday you get up in the morning, put on clothes that you have selected to stylize yourself, and this is one example of gender as a constructed notion. We are actors that never leave the stage, with every movement, gesture, choice we are changing and creating the ultimate performance of a simulated gender.

Light Years: Conceptual Art and The Photograph 1964-1977

Walking to the furthest corner of the Art Institute was the this exhibit. Struck by a outer layer of text, it spoke as a preface to what you were to encounter upon entering the room. Very simply this explained that conceptual art defy's our expectations of what you can consider to be "art." We are asking what the medium is, or how it is made, or the "authorial sensibility" of its maker? What can we really consider art, and why this and not that?

One of the most important arguments Light Years: Conceptual Art and The Photograph is trying to convey is the seriality of art. In every machine and/or mode of transportation there is a system that keeps these things moving and working. The parts that make up the whole of a system, are the important factors that cannot function with out each other just as a body of photographs. One without the other, convey completely different manifestations then if seen as a whole, well oiled machine.

Photography often serves as a form of communication, a language of a sort. Each image is a representation of a site-specific reality, as the viewer we can interpret this in many ways from how the scale affects my perception, to the medium it is displayed on or the physical factors of the space. This constantly can change depending on where you stand, your mood, the lights and or the people around you. I found the first room, filled with walls that made triangles in the middle of the room one of my favorite displays; I was viciously circling and each time around I would see something different. That thought brought me back to how definition of conceptual art and the photograph create a relationship that is formed through personal experiences.